by that time

The judges said Perry had been using her name as a trademark five years before Taylor started her business, adding that by that time, Perry had attained an "international reputation" in entertainment.

By that time, the high school’s ranking had dropped to 64th.

By that time, and informed by that data, MLB should have a pretty good idea of what national media outlets — not just the usual suspects of ESPN, Fox and TBS, but technology giants such as Apple, Amazon and YouTube — might be willing to pay the league for broadcast rights.

“By that time, the color outside my windows was bright red,” she said.

Jesus would have been starving by that time, but his famous reply was that man does not live on bread alone.